Alternative Sentences in the Panamanian Criminal Code
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37387/ipc.v14i1.431Keywords:
Criminal Code, Criminal Procedure Code, Substitute Sentences, Community Service, House Arrest, Social Policies, PrisonAbstract
The Panamanian criminal justice system aims to adopt a more humanistic approach, emphasizing rehabilitation and social reintegration over punitive measures. Within this framework, substitute sentences provide alternatives to imprisonment for minor offenses, as outlined in Articles 64 and 65 of the Criminal Code. These measures include community service, monetary fines, house arrest, and supervised release, reflecting principles of proportionality, humanization of punishment, and resocialization. Substitute sentences address key challenges such as prison overcrowding and social stigmatization while offering tailored solutions for vulnerable groups, including women, youth, and indigenous communities. Despite their advantages, implementation faces hurdles like limited resources for supervision, cultural resistance, and inconsistent judicial application. Drawing lessons from countries like Norway and Canada, Panama can enhance its penal system by investing in rehabilitation programs and adopting restorative justice practices. Substitute sentences represent a crucial step toward a more equitable and effective system that upholds human dignity and fosters societal reintegration.
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References
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